What Is PU Leather & How It Compares to Other Leathers

If you've ever shopped for leather goods, such asleather handbags and purses, you've likely come across faux leather, too. You might have even seen the term "PU leather." But what does that mean, exactly? 

PU, or polyurethane, leather is a synthetic material designed to mimic the look and feel of traditional leather. It utilises thermoplastic polymers, which makes its composition fundamentally different from that of full-grain leather. But the differences don't end there. Let's look at this material, including its potential pros and cons.

What Is PU Leather?

PU leather, an abbreviation of polyurethane leather, is an artificial substitute for leather produced using polymers. This particular type of polymer becomes malleable when you subject it to heat. Once it cools, the polymer resolidifies. There are two main types of PU leather: full-synthetic (100% PU leather) and semi-synthetic (bi-cast leather), with the former being entirely vegan and the latter containing a layer of genuine leather underneath the polyurethane.

Common Uses of PU Leather

Various industries use PU leather due to its affordability and versatility:

• Furniture: PU leather is used in upholstery for sofas, chairs, and other furniture items.
• Fashion accessories: It is popular in producing handbags, jackets, and belts, where flexibility and a wide range of colours and textures are pluses.
• Automotive upholstery: PU leather is famous for car seat coverings and interior elements. It is favoured for its ease of maintenance and leather-like appearance.
• Footwear: PU leather is also commonly used in shoe manufacturing, offering a lightweight and water-resistant option for various footwear styles.

PU Leather Quality & Manufacturing

Many shoppers view PU leather as a more budget-friendly choice over full-grain leather and other traditional leathers since its synthetic nature keeps production expenses comparatively low.

However, some marketing terms, such as "vegan leather" or "synthetic leather," can be misleading. These terms suggest that PU leather offers the same quality as traditional leather, which is different, particularly regarding its durability and environmental impact. Be aware of these distinctions when making your purchasing decisions.

Manufacturing Process & Structure

The production of PU leather involves coating a base material, typically fabric or split leather, with a polyurethane layer and then embossing the material to create a leather-like texture. This process may also include chemical treatments to enhance the durability and appearance of the final product. 

While PU leather may offer a cost-effective alternative to traditional leather, its synthetic nature and the use of chemicals in its production raise environmental concerns.

Durability & Longevity

Compared with traditional leather, PU leather is far less durable. As a synthetic material, it tends to crack, peel, and fade over time, especially with heavy use. The lifespan of PU leather is generally shorter, too, with signs of wear often appearing within a couple of years. Some people find it easier to maintain since it's more resistant to water and stains. In contrast, others find that these characteristics must compensate for its lack of long-term durability.

Environmental Impact

Although the manufacturing process of PU leather is advantageous in certain respects, it poses significant environmental concerns. 

Petrochemicals are used to produce PU leather, which releases toxic substances, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), into the environment. These chemicals contribute to air pollution and have beenlinked to health concerns. 

Additionally, PU leather is not biodegradable, which can persist in the environment for many years, contributing to long-term pollution.

While technically possible, recycling PU leather is a complex and energy-intensive process. Currently, more infrastructure is needed to recycle PU leather, which means these products often end up in landfills. This lack of recycling options further exacerbates the environmental impact of PU leather, making it a less sustainable choice than biodegradable materials like vegetable-tanned leather.

Does PU Leather Have Benefits?

For some, PU leather may have benefits. It remains a popular choice for its:

• Cost-effectiveness: PU leather is significantly more affordable than traditional leather, making it accessible to a broader range of consumers.
• Various styles & colours: Manufacturers can produce PU leather in multiple colours and textures, offering more design flexibility than traditional leather.
• Easy maintenance: PU leather's non-porous surface makes it highly resistant to water and stains, allowing easy cleaning and maintenance.

These benefits make PU leather a compelling option for those seeking the look of leather without the high cost. However, you must weigh these advantages against the material's environmental impact and durability issues.

PU Leather vs. Other Types of Leather

PU leather and other synthetic alternatives like PVC and faux leather seem similar. Still, PU leather differs from different types of leather in critical areas:

• Appearance: Traditional leather boasts natural grain and imperfections unique to each piece, while PU leather has a consistent, uniform appearance that some may find artificial.
• Durability: Traditional leather is known for its longevity and ability to develop a gorgeous patina over time. In contrast, PU leather tends to wear out more quickly, with a lifespan of only a few years.
• Environmental impact: Both PU leather and PVC leather are synthetic materials that rely on petrochemicals, making them less environmentally friendly than traditional leather, particularly when considering the factors of biodegradability and recyclability.

How to Care & Maintain PU Leather

Proper care can extend the lifespan of your PU leather products:

• Regular cleaning: Use a soft, dry cloth to remove surface dust. For stubborn stains, a damp cloth with mild soap can be effective. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners.
• Avoiding damage: Regular inspections can help you spot early signs of wear. Protect PU leather from prolonged exposure to sunlight, and use a suitable protector every few months to help maintain its appearance.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can you distinguish PU leather from traditional leather?

Traditional leather, such as full-grain or top-grain leather, is usually soft, slightly stretchy and has a distinct grainy feel. It warms up when you hold it in your hands because it can absorb your body heat and is always flexible. On the other hand, PU leather feels cold and plastic-like and does not stretch.

Does PU leather match the quality of traditional leather?

PU leather is susceptible to wear and tear and can crack over time—it does not last as long as traditional leather. Unlike traditional leather, it punctures easily. Also, it doesn't develop the same lustre or patina as traditional leather over time.

How can you prevent PU leather from cracking?

To prevent PU leather from cracking, apply a conditioner designed for faux leather. Just apply a tiny amount to a soft cloth and rub it onto the material. This will help safeguard the material, making it smooth and flexible and reducing the chances of cracking and flaking over time.

Is it easy for PU leather to peel off?

One of the primary issues with PU leather is its low durability. Frequent usage can easily lead to cracking and peeling of the material, reducing its life expectancy. Also, PU leather leaves an ecological footprint since it's a synthetic material produced from petrochemicals, which are environmentally unfriendly.